This soilless growing system is completely automated including nutrient dosing and irrigation cycles. It only takes 10 minutes to assemble an aeroponic tower, and from there, everything runs on autopilot until harvest. The nutrients are automatically dosed at a 1:300 ratio, and the nutrient-rich water is stored in a gravity-fed tank. This gravity tank automatically tops off the tower reservoirs, while float valves inside each reservoir regulate the flow to maintain a consistent water level of 74 liters. This water also acts as a weight to anchor the towers, helping keep them stable during strong winds and storms. All the low-wattage submersible pumps are connected to a central digital timer, running on cycles of 3 minutes on and 12 minutes off, 24 hours a day, amounting to only 4.8 hours of electricity usage daily. That means that during the time the plants are not being irrigated, they spend 80% of their time with their roots hanging in the air. This oxygen-rich environment supports efficient nutrient uptake, healthy root development, and faster crop growth.
6 flowers we grow vertically without soil on aeroponic towers. Vertical farming is often associated with lettuce, leafy greens, and herbs, but aeroponic towers can grow so much more. Adding flowers throughout the farm creates a beautiful environment while also supporting the insects and pollinators that are part of the ecosystem.
This is how we grow 18 purple cauliflowers vertically on an aeroponic tower:
1. Tower Assembly: It takes about 10 minutes to assemble one aeroponic tower, including the reservoir, growing sections, submersible pump, irrigation tubing, and the top shower cap that distributes nutrient solution through the tower. From there, everything is on autopilot.
2. Rockwool: Since there is no soil, the plants are grown in agricultural rockwool, a soilless substrate made from basaltic rock that is melted and spun into fibers. It provides excellent water retention while still allowing plenty of oxygen around the roots.
3. Transplanting: In this video, we are growing Amethyst purple cauliflower. Because cauliflower plants become very large, we plant only two per level on opposite sides. With 9 levels, that gives us 18 plants on one tower.
4. Automatic Irrigation: Once transplanted, irrigation is fully automated. The bottom reservoir refills with nutrient-enriched water as needed through irrigation lines connected to a gravity-fed tank.
5. Irrigation Cycle: The submersible pump runs 3 minutes ON and 12 minutes OFF continuously, totaling about 4.8 hours of irrigation per day.
6. Aeroponics: During the OFF cycle, the roots remain suspended inside the tower in an oxygen-rich environment. This helps support efficient nutrient uptake and rapid growth.
7. Pest Management: The main pests we deal with on brassicas like cauliflower, cabbage, and broccoli are caterpillars. As a preventative, we apply Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis), a naturally occurring bacterium used in organic farming that stops caterpillars from feeding after they consume treated foliage.
Time-lapse cameras are used throughout our aeroponic farm to film the growth of our crops. We primarily film at night, since during the daytime there would be a lot of flickering caused by moving shadows, clouds, and changing sunlight.
The filming intervals depend on the crop. Fast-growing plants are filmed less than an hour apart, while slower-growing crops are tracked over much longer intervals. Each camera is powered by its own small solar panel. These cameras let us compare growth rates, observe how quickly plants fill the towers, and see differences between varieties that aren’t always obvious when looking at the farm every day. One of the most interesting things is seeing just how much growth happens in a short period of time. On our aeroponic towers, crops can grow around 30% faster than their soil-grown counterparts, while also producing larger plants and higher yields.
Root health is the foundation of plant performance in vertical farming with aeroponic towers. Roots control water uptake, drive nutrient absorption, influence growth speed, determine plant stability, and reflect the overall balance of the system. Different crops develop completely different root structures, and learning to read them is part of mastering this system.
